Budget deficits and the economy

Abstract A budget deficit is a situation whereby an individual or a state spends more than its income. This paper examines the factors that can cause a government to experience a budget deficit. It examines how the budget deficits will influence the economic growth in a country. It examines government trade policies, as well as how they can lead to a budget deficit in a country. There is also a discussion on the budget deficit and its effect on the economic growth in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Budget Deficits and the Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction In an economic set up, there is often an exchange of goods and services. Regardless of the economic activity that an individual carries out, s/he will have both income and expenditure. However, a time reaches when one can spend more than he can receive as an income. The same scenario can be seen in state level, whe re the government could spend much more money that it can generate from revenues. A budget deficit occurs when a government has spent more than its financial savings in a given year (Economy Watch, n.d. para.1). It particularly occurs when the government has failed to accurately plan for its expenses. A careful plan will take into consideration the net income that a government has, which can be used in the national budget. This is what can prevent high rates of budget deficit. Why high budget deficits today will reduce the economic growth rate in the future In order to understand the relationship that does occur between the budget deficit and the economic growth of a country, it is important to examine factors that are associated with each of them. Factors that will determine the level of budget deficit recorded include revenues from taxes, the size of the government’s expenditure below which its operations can be paralyzed, and the availability of lending agencies. On the ot her hand, the factors that determine the economic growth rate are the investment that are made in a country by both public and private sector, the human capital that is available, as well as the government policies that have been put in place and their effectiveness. The legislations that determine the openness of an economy for investment, as well as the other micro and macro-economic conditions prevailing in a country also affect economic growth. There is thus a relationship between the economic growth and budget deficit. How they are related is subject to arguments with a few suggesting a positive relationship. However, budget deficit will have negative impact on the economic growth in that will affect the socio-economic conditions and the business environment in a given area. High government budget deficits will impose heavy taxes on the citizens thereby lowering their spirits of investment (Barro, 2008, p360). It will also call for the governments to cut their spending. As a re sult, the salaries and wages of government employees will be reduced leading to reduced incentives to workAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Higher budget deficits will prompt the governments to increase their borrowing especially from the private sector. The central banks will be forced to sell gilts and bonds to the private sector, eventually leading to an accumulation of national debts. The effect is that the tax rates in the future will be raised to meet the required expenditures. This will slow the economic growth. Besides, continued government borrowing from the private sector may lead fading away of the private sector. This is referred to as ‘crowding-out effect’. Cumulative budget deficit results into what we term as Government Debts (Economy Watch, n.d. para.2). This will lead to an increase in the interest rates since the government has to incre ase their rates as a strategy to win more investors. Borrowing money by the small-scale investors will greatly be reduced in reaction to the high interest rates thereby lowering economic growth rate. There will also be a need to review the government fiscal and monetary policies every time a country records such high deficit level. This process will be detrimental to the steady economic growth. Reasons for high budget deficits; how they matter The possible reasons that can make a government spend more than it can produce include low rates of taxes and interest coupled with an increased expenditure. In deed, it does matter a lot to consider these factors. If a budget deficit results from low taxes rates, then it is due the greed that is shown by the â€Å"bequest-constrained individuals† who would wish that the rates were lowered without lowering the expenditures (Chen 2003, p2). The effect is that such a debt will be carried forward to the future generation who will be forced to pay heavy taxes to settle the problems that were caused by their predecessors (Barro 2008, p361). It has also been observed that if an economic growth is expected to increase in the near future, then more of these selfish individuals emerge. However, the chronologies of the deficits that have been experienced in different countries indicate that there is a difference between how the tax rates influence budget deficits in the developed and the developing countries. In the developing countries, it was observed that it was difficult to incorporate the spirit of democracy and the number of greedy individuals was seen to increase after an economic recession (Chen, 2003, p14). Other factors like the wage rates and the number of those who are employed are also important in dealing with the budget deficit. If the current population has a low rate of income in terms of the wages, then it will attempt to bring forward future resources to the present state forcing the future generations to experience tax burden (Chen 2003, p16).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Budget Deficits and the Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, if it is increased expenditure that has led to the budget deficit, then it is important to consider why such an increase should occur when the net income is either decreasing or has remained steady. An increase in government expenditure should be after increased total revenue has been recorded. Political instability can also be a reason that leads to financial deficit in a country, of course due to the effects it will have in developing government policies on trade. The trend that was witnessed in the United States in the 1950s to 1980s followed the wars that were experienced in the period (Executive Office if the president of United States of America, 2009, p12). Thus, these factors are important to be considered. The role of fiscal and monetary policies in determining the level of budget deficit The fiscal and the monetary policies that are imposed by a particular government will influence the economic growth of the country. The rates of tax levied on both the imported and exported commodities and the income tax levied on the employees will determine the total revenue that the government will have. Very low rates of taxes may lead to low revenue collection forcing the government to spend more than it can generate. This will lead to the budget deficit. On the other hand, very heavy taxes on the imported and exported products may demoralize both foreign and domestic investors in a country leading to a poor business environment in the country (Chen 2003, p20). The economic activities through which the government generates their revenues will not be supported thereby leading to low government income. There will little money circulation in the country. The interest rates that are imposed by a country’s central bank will determine th e rate of investment. If too low rates are imposed, the government through the central bank may not be able to raise the revenue that it requires. Conversely, if the interest rates are exceptionally high, then very few investors will be encouraged to borrow from the commercial banks since the high interest rates in the central bank will b translated to these banks. Poor investment means low government revenue and since there is an optimal level of government expenditure, it may be forced to borrow from other sources. Budget deficit level will then be forced to shoot. How the budget deficits affect the long-term economic growth and the debt that US has to contend with The budget deficit in the US has had varying trends in the past three or so decades. It was recorded at a low rate of 1 to 2 percent in the 60s and 70s. The figure increased in the 80s and was lower in the beginning of the 1990s (Barro, 2008, p435). The current situation is yet different from what was seen in the recent past.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The budget deficit in the United States rose rapidly from the figure that was recorded last year. This was caused by an increased spending following the position of the New Years holiday. The budget deficit in the month of January 2011 was recorded at $49.8 billion compared to $42.6 billion that was recorded a year before (Guidice 2011, para.2). There was an increased rate of government expenditure as compared to the gain in the total revenue that was received from the taxes and other sources leading to the increase witnessed in such budget shortfall. The debt that a country has to contend with is affected by the kind of budget deficit that it has. There is a mathematical relationship between the debt that a government can have and the budget deficit that it can experience. The formula for the debt is given as: D= RBt_1 + Gt(r-g) – Tt Where R= real rate of interest Bt-1 = debt of the previous year r= rate of interest g= growth rate Gt=government expenditures, and Tt= tax reve nue (Economy Watch, n.d. Para. 5). The expression Gt(r-g) –Tt defines the budget deficit in a given year. An increase in it will translate to a proportional increase in the debt depending on the debts that were recorded previously. Besides, it has been foreseen that the deficit is set to increase this year and hit a historical figure beyond the $1.4 trillion that was recorded in 2009 (Guidice, 2011, Para. 3). In fact, it is projected to be $1.5 trillion at the end of the year. Quite a number of factors are seen to be the cause of this continued increase in budget deficit. One important factor is the cutting down of taxes levied on the employed group. There has been a move to give emergency benefits to the jobless people as a move to narrow down the gap between the living standards of the employed and the jobless people in the US (Guidice, 2011, Para. 3). The other factor is the agreement that was reached by the current president and the republicans who took control of the hou se business last year and have been in the forefront advocating for spending cuts. Unfortunately, all this moves tend to increase the government expenditure while reducing the revenue that is generated. They will definitely lower the economic growth in the States. The country will definitely be faced with higher debts to accommodate. Conclusion A high budget deficit in a country does have an influence on the growth of an economy, and as such, it needs to be fully addressed. It will affect the investment that the country can make as well as the foreign investment that can be attracted into the country. The kinds of policies that are adopted in an economy are the immediate determinants of the level of foreign and domestic investment that can be applied in an area. It is thus evident that the factors that lead to a country’s budget deficit are actually material in determining the ways of overcoming the financial deficit. References Barro, R. (2008). Macroeconomics: a modern appr oach. OH: Cengage Learning. Web. Chen, D. (2003). Intertemporal Excess Burden, Bequest Motives, and the Budget Deficit. Washington, D.C: World Bank publications. Web. Economy watch. (N.d). Budget Deficit. Web. Executive Office if the president of United States of America. (2009). Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal year 2009. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Web. Guidice, V. (2011). Budget Deficit in U.S. Rose to $49.8 Billion. Web. This research paper on Budget Deficits and the Economy was written and submitted by user Haley U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Example

Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Example Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Social Work Essay Essay Supervision is the pattern where a counselor can speak to a professional who is trained to place any psychological or behavioral alterations in the counselor that could be due to an inability to get by with issues presented by clients. A supervisor is besides responsible for disputing patterns and processs, developing improved or different techniques, and informing clients of alternate theories and/or new patterns, every bit good as industry alterations. The supportive and educative procedure of supervising is aimed toward helping supervisees in the application of reding theory and techniques to client jobs ( Bernard A ; Goodyear, 2009 ) . Supervision is a normally a regular, formal agreement for counselors to discourse their work with person who is experienced in reding and supervising. The undertaking is to work together to guarantee and develop the efficiency of the counsellor/client relationship, maintain equal criterions of guidance and a method of consultancy to widen the skylines of an experient practician ( ACA, 2009 ) . Aim of Supervision By and large, supervising has two primary ends: to supervise client attention and guarantee clients are having appropriate curative guidance, and to heighten professional operation ( Bernard A ; Goodyear, 2009 ) . Supervision provides benefits for counselors such as support, an chance to detect new thoughts and schemes, every bit good as personal and professional development. Another benefit in add-on to counsellor support and development is larning across the professional lifetime of counselors life long acquisition ( Borders A ; Usher, 1992 ) . The purpose of supervising is to supply a agency of support, and ongoing acquisition and professional development for counselors who often work with hard and nerve-racking instances. This serves to forestall extra emphasis and burnout ( Haynes, Corey, A ; Moulton, 2003 ) . The educational and encouraging function of the supervisor focuses on making a secure puting where the supervisee can reflect on their work, acquire feedback, way, reevaluate their capablenesss and addition greater understanding about their work, clients and themselves with the purpose of protecting the client and offering best possible guidance patterns ( Powell, 1993 ) . In order to advance counselor development supervising needs to take topographic point in a safe and appropriate environment. To accomplish this, as in a guidance session, empathy, openness, and positive respect are indispensable ( Egan, 2007 ) . Both parties must besides swear in the unity and honestness of the other. An ethical model is necessary to advance this trust, and there should be an grasp of the importance of the supervising procedure, which reduces the force per unit area on the counselor to bring forth an result at the cost of the procedure and the working relationship. The ethical principals of reding are intended as a usher and model for the duties of counselors: demoing consideration for the trust of participants, esteeming their independency, perpetrating to the publicity of the wellbeing of all participants and at a red lead, to make no injury, to esteem each person and dainty everyone rightly and without prejudice, and seeking professional development ( Egan, 2007 ) . The duty to work ethically will better proviso and the response of services, and let chances for development for both parties to take topographic point. The supervisor has a duty to guarantee that confidentiality is maintained, and any information obtained in a clinical or confer withing relationship is discussed merely for professional intents and merely with individuals clearly concerned with the instance ( ACA, 2009 ) . Different ways of measuring the supervisory procedure can be of import both for the supervisor and the supervisee. Establishing a contract for the supervisory relationship makes rating easier. The contract should include the pupil s developmental demands, the supervisor s competences, and supervisory ends and methods ( Stoltenberg A ; Delworth, 1987 ) . Land regulations set up at the start are of import to clear up the outlooks of the supervisor every bit good as the supervisee, and that the duty for success of the procedure rests with both parties. As portion of the contract it is of import to discourse what can and ca nt remain confidential. Throughout the supervising procedure, the supervisor is responsible for measuring the quality of the supervisory relationship ( Powell, 1993 ) . Occasionally things happen between a supervisor and supervisee that has nil to make with the persons themselves, but with what and who the individual reminds them of. Feelingss can be transferred from other associations onto the supervisor. Besides the feelings a supervisor may see towards a supervisee can be linked to experiences and associations in the yesteryear. In order to guarantee the safety of both parties the practicians must subscribe to a set codification of pattern and moralss ( Powell, 1993 ) . Personal Experience My personal experience of supervising has for the most portion been really general, discoursing casework and looking for feedback, thoughts and schemes, and wide-ranging treatments refering my personal experiences. My practicum has involved disbursement three hours a hebdomad at a local work forces s inn, with some clip set aside for treatment, java, and exchange of thoughts. This clip has been most helpful in covering with feelings of defeat that arise, that can be really disputing for me and could show troubles if non addressed. The aid can come in the signifier of a reminder that it is non truly about me, that alteration can non be forced from the outside, or merely a remark that things move easy, and a positive result may take old ages. Unfortunately, there are few alone instances at the inn, even if these instances are disputing and complex. Many of the persons in abode nowadays with double diagnosing, and are good known to staff. There are no speedy holes or easy solutions, and staff can non indulge in annoyance or defeat over deficiency of declarations. Sometimes, there will be no declaration or positive result. One occupant was experiencing really positive and looking frontward to work one hebdomad, but was unable to return in subsequent hebdomads due to drug and intoxicant usage. I still that he will be able to return at a ulterior day of the month. It is besides really straitening to see such immature people with lasting damage from drug and intoxicant usage, and gain that no sum of reding or medical intervention will be able to supply them with a standard type of being. Supervision can be used as a topographic point to debrief, to portion experiences, and insight options. It can be really reassuring to hold person to fall back on, and derive support from, in disputing or complex state of affairss. I find it really utile to be able to speak things through, and so come to an single apprehension and credence of any given state of affairs. Seeking a 2nd sentiment, background information on a occupant and discussing attacks seems to do up most of supervising clip, and some other maps of supervising have besides happened more informally, over a cup of java in the staff room, peculiarly in relation to future employment. Unsurprisingly, as graduation draws nearer, it is besides the calling development facet of supervising that has taken up a great trade of my ideas where to travel next, what kind of work would I best be suited to, what type of educational chances do I see coming up. This has for me been really valuable, as I can seek advice and tips from people in the field, and acquire a echt grasp for what it means to work in this field. Overall, I think it is by and large expected, and helpful, for those who receive supervising to make some readying before get downing supervising, and to construct up an consciousness of what the supervising is to accomplish. Not to see it an duty but as an chance to develop as a more effectual counselor Reviewing and reflecting on casework is a good manner to believe through what has happened in the past hebdomad, and where it will take us. Preparation can besides assist with bringing concerns and inquiries to inquire supervisor, with seeking verification and elucidation, and get down the idea processes about what I need from the supervisor. Evaluation Cardinal to developmental theoretical accounts of supervising is the theory that as people and counselors we are continuously turning and maturating ; like all people we develop over clip, and this development and is a procedure with phases or stages that are predictable. In general, developmental theoretical accounts of supervising define progressive phases of supervisee development from novitiate to expert, each phase dwelling of distinct features and accomplishments ( Bradley A ; Ladany, 2000 ) . Stoltenberg and Delworth ( 1987 ) depict a developmental theoretical account with three degrees: beginning, intermediate, and advanced. In each degree a counselor may get down in an imitative manner and travel toward a more competent, self-confident and autonomous province for each degree. Get downing supervisees would happen themselves comparatively dependent on the supervisor to understand or explicate client behaviors and mentalities and set up programs for intercession. Intermediate supervisees would depend on supervisors for an apprehension of more complex clients, but would be irritated at suggestions about more simple instances. Resistance is characteristic of this phase, because the supervisee s sense of ego cab feel easy threatened. Advanced supervisees map independently, seek audience when appropriate, and experience responsible for their ain picks. For illustration, at my current novice phase, I am expected to hold limited accomplishments and deficiency assurance as a counselor, as I am merely get downing out as a trainee. With more clip on the occupation, I should develop more accomplishments and assurance, and possibly at odds feelings about perceived independence/dependence on my supervisor. In a ulterior developmental phase, I would be expected to demo high degree communicating abilities, good problem-solving accomplishments and be brooding about the guidance and supervisory procedure ( Haynes, Corey, A ; Moulton, 2003 ) . An consciousness of these development phases can be really cheering, as I am non expected to be perfect on the first twenty-four hours on the occupation, or cognize everything about the field instantly. Rather, the outlook is that I have a capacity to larn, turn and better, and each twenty-four hours be a small spot better. Supervision and professional development is of import as it assists in the care and betterment of my criterion of pattern. It can integrate ego directed and assisted acquisition, on the occupation preparation and coaching, include instruction through instance treatments and presentations, and larning from our successes and errors ( Powell, 1993 ) . It is really encouraging to cognize that supervising can be something in add-on to merely doing things clearer or supplying a fresh attack to casework. Something more than focal point and penetration from a 3rd party, or a mark that I am on the right path, or the chance to vent my defeats refering clients. In guidance, it has been put frontward that supervising be entrenched into a broader treatment of womb-to-tomb acquisition, where supervising is viewed as one of a scope of support and acquisition tools that counselors may be encouraged to entree ( McMahon and Patton, 20002 ) . A Lifelong acquisition is being seen as indispensable for everyone, and, merely as supervising in focused on forestalling burn out and advancing personal development, womb-to-tomb acquisition is besides chiefly focused on prolonging length of service and endurance within working life ( Holmes, 2002 ) . Learning is the procedure of persons building and transforming experience into cognition, accomplishments, attitudes, values, beliefs, emotions ( Holmes, 2002 ) , all of which are besides sought after results of supervising, and of practical usage in guidance. A Supervision encourages counselors to reflect on their cognition, accomplishments, values and beliefs in order to convey to supervision an history of their experience, and through supervising transform it in such a manner that it is important and significant, and able to be transferred into their work and personal acquisition ( McMahon and Patton, 20002 ) . Helping and advancing the supervisee s acquisition and professional development is chiefly a affair of supplying appropriate instruction and acquisition environments ( Stoltenberg A ; Delworth, 1987 ) and may affect the supervisor in supplying pupils with chances to reflect on their values and to analyze the influence of such values in the counselor s work with clients. The purpose is to take full advantage of and recognize growing needed for the hereafter, continuously placing new countries of growing in a life-long acquisition procedure ( McMahon and Patton, 20002 ) . Decision Administrative supervising is something I am really familiar with after working in the public service for a twelve old ages. More frequently as peer supervising due to handiness of forces and cost, but besides group and one-on-one supervising applied to different sorts of undertakings. It was an activity that I found really helpful for my work, as it allowed me to be more efficient, effectual, supply a more professional end product, and to advance information sharing refering best pattern, betterments and inventions. This sort of supervising was purely impersonal, and all about work. Unfortunately, there was small attending paid to the workers, and their well being, growing and development. Reding supervising, on the other manus, has an excess dimension that is non considered when covering with strictly administrative affairs. It takes a more holistic position of assisting others, and acknowledges that we can non assist others unless we besides help ourselves. Reding supervising acknowledges that the counselor is a portion of the duologue, and can non be removed from the equation, and so takes stairss to restrict injury for all parties, to guarantee that biass or prepossessions of the counselor do non impact on any curative relationship. Reding supervising takes it that excess measure to look at back uping the counselor in their work, and in their development. Egan focuses really good on this when he looks at a certain degree of self-knowledge, self-awareness and adulthood as an indispensable demand to being an effectual counselor ( Egan, 2007 ) . Supervision provides a infinite where counselors can admit and dispute any unsighted musca volitanss, overcome prejudices and go better counselors. An appropriate supervisory relationship can assist broaden curative accomplishments. It can be used to develop intercessions and supply penetrations for appraisals. Supervision can be used to concentrate on relational issues in order to cultivate patient/client resources, and to construct up and back up a counselor s ain curative influence. Supervision should enable counselors to get new professional and personal penetrations through their ain experiences.

Importance in accurate bac identification-microbio Essay

Importance in accurate bac identification-microbio - Essay Example It leads us to identify whether the microorganisms are pathogenic? Which type of infection do they cause? What is the route of transmission? What pathological conditions does it cause with in the living body? These all questions can only be answered by the correct identification of microorganisms. The diseases can never be cured until the microorganism is recognized. It also enable us to prepare suitable media for the growth of specific specie there can study their characteristics easily. After identification, we can determine the mode of action of certain pathogenic microorganisms. It may also help us to design certain drugs against them. These drugs have mode of action respectfully to the pathogen for example, the pathogen causing GIT infection, the drugs used will be considered more effective if it is administered orally. It not only enables us to create preventive measures against epidemic or pandemic infections but also help us in determining the way of their administration into the body. Today the major arising problem in the world of microbiology is the mutations that are taking place in the genetic makeup of microorganism. These mutations enable the microorganisms to become resistant against certain drugs. The resistant power of infectious organisms may also arise due to the improper route of administration, which does not provide significant immunity but results in the enhancement of pathogenicity of microorganisms by the exposure of certain drugs in the amount less than the required doze. Because of the identification of certain microorganisms at specie level, today we are able to compete with them and even can defeat this little creature. We can design antibiotics, drugs antiserums, toxoids, vaccines etc. due to the identification today we are able to reduce the infectious diseases at a remarkable rate (Collier & Haburchak,

Read the case first, and then answer the question Assignment

Read the case first, and then answer the question - Assignment Example Various factors facilitate the formation of a merger between two organizations. While it gives the organizations the strength to compete against other firms in the industry, it also brings in more expertise into the firm, increasing their productivity and output. There is increased quality of services and innovation in a merger. When the two financial giants merged, there was an increase in synergy, which is the reduction of duplicate departments, lowering operational costs and subsequently increasing their revenues. In a merger, there is increased market share, resulting from the absorption of the competitor, thus reducing the level of competition between them the companies. A merger reduces the level of taxes remitted to the authorities, as the merger remits tax as a single business entity. However, as the giants seek to merge; several issues require ironing out to avoid a crash of issues. Through the process of creating a merger, â€Å"management of software/processes for process ing of information for effectiveness of organization† is an important factor to put into consideration. There is more to the creation of a merger between two financial giants than the listed advantages. Although the financial culture consideration is one of the most important factors for these giants, considering their IT cultures is equally as important. Among the factors to put into consideration is the type of the IT approaches the firms maintain. One could have a decentralized policy, while another could have a centralized policy. IT plays a big role in information integration, which strategically differentiates them from the competitors. In order to deliver their brands, banks heavily rely upon their It structures. After a merger, one of the firms has to consider adopting IT policies of the other firm. Alternatively, the two firms could decide on the creation of new IT policies. Through IT integration, financial firms try to select and implement the best application exist ing in the market. The search is not confined to the bank that already used the application. The biggest concern is the applicability and the suitability of the system in the resultant business. As the team searches for this particular application, they should show more concern for the customer retention. During the merger process, systems have to change, as some become inferior and others less effective. However, during this important process, it is necessary to ensure that members keep on receiving their services. The transition process should not negatively influence the quality of services provided to the customers. Although a system could appear to be superior to the other due to its capacity, it could provide lower quality services to the customers. How best the transition team handles this effect determines the success of the merger process. It is important to note that as the financial organizations seek to create a merger; these processes pose the biggest danger to the succ ess of such a merger. Not only does the process affect customers, employees too are negatively affected. For instance, it could affect employee productivity and service delivery. Adapting a new application essentially translates to fewer skills in its operation. Training could solve such an issue, though with little certainty. How well the employees respond to organization change is the biggest determinant. Poor response leads to poor application

An Interview with a Local Entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An Interview with a Local Entrepreneur - Essay Example Owing to ethical reasons, animosity has been maintained about the person, and hence his real name has not been used here and is replaced by Jimmy Ferris. But his story of coming into the business and being successful is worth telling. The story shares the difficulty that a person faces in his life, yet moves on to fulfill his dreams. It was truly a beautiful experience to have a chat with him and know about his journey through the business. This may also inspire new ideas, which are waiting to get explored. In today’s world, new and budding entrepreneurs are coming up with vibrant new ideas which are worth noting and considering. This is, however just one story among many. Hackensack is a city in New Jersey in the United States having a population of around forty-five thousand. There are several small businesses in this city which covers different industries, including marketing, agriculture, healthcare, housing, insurance, information technology, manufacturing, and other publ ic sectors. Each business has its own story behind it about the role that an entrepreneur plays, and thus each has a different success story. The story narrated here is that of Mr. Jimmy Ferris (name changed) who was born in London in June 1976 in a family that had histories of business starters. His father was involved in an import-export business and made huge money at one point of time. Jimmy, from his very childhood, was very interested in medicines and so wanted to take up a career in that industry. He also completed his medical studies from a known medical college in New Jersey. Being a very good student, he successfully completed his course and joined a medical college as a junior doctor. When he talked about how he started up his own pharmacy, a story that Jimmy shared was quite challenging. By the time Jimmy was doing well in the medical college where he was serving as a junior doctor, his father’s business started deteriorating with respect to the market conditions and other dealership problems. The markets were becoming vulnerable and his business started failing, which led to severe losses to his company. Ultimately, the business had to be terminated. This affected their lives heavily as the family’s expenses were mainly covered by the income from the business. Jimmy, too, had just started his career, the income from which was not sufficient enough to support his family entirely. All this together had created a situational crisis for the entire family. Jimmy’s father could not take up the shock of loss and failure in his business and suffered a massive heart attack, which led him to bed rest for a long period of time, and according to the doctors, he was not supposed to involve in any kind of stress taking job, if he had to stay well. So, it was clear for their entire family that the man was no more in a position to conceptualize any new business which might hurt his health. Around the end of year 2009, Jimmy started thinking o f starting something of his own. He had to support his family. His father was ill, and his mother was trying to support the family by taking up a small job in a fashion garment store. Thus, it was a huge responsibility on Jimmy to take up the lead for the welfare of his family. Jimmy shared his reasons why he chose to start up a pharmacy store or a business in this industry and not anything else. From his childhood, Jimmy always loved to serve ill and sick people. This was also the reason

Samsung Vs Nokia Finacial Analysis Critical Evaluation Marketing Essay

Samsung Vs Nokia Finacial Analysis Critical Evaluation Marketing Essay In todays era of digital there are companies drifted towards the digital technology. The company Samsung has made his position in the market by themselves and now days recognised as the most innovative and good quality brand in the sector of electronic industry. The Samsung follow the policy of we will devote out human resources and technologies to create superior products and services thereby contributing a better global society. In this assignment there is financial analysis of the Samsung Company in relation to the last five years summary. The various aspects are discussed critically in this assignment work. In addition to this there is comparison of the Samsung Company with respect to the Nokia Company a big rival of the Samsung Company in the market. There is comparison of the financial positions of both of the companies to make the differentiation between their strategies so they in future they can be benefited by this. The Samsung Company is famous company in the area of electronic industry. This company was established in 1969 in Taegu, Korea. The founder of this company was Byung Chull Lee. At the very first time the company has started business with the manufacturing of Black and White TVs. At the early period of time the company was at the steady growth and after the end of year 2004 the company has got about the sale of  £52 billion and has assets about  £38 Billion. At this time the company had employed approximately 113 thousand at the worldwide. In this year the company got the competitive advantage too as it go ahead to its competitive rivals like Kodak, Philips, and Panasonic etc. (Barney and Hesterly, 2008, PC-2 -1). At that time the company involved in the manufacturing of TVs, Computers and Av equipments, Mobile Phones, Networking Equipments, LCD Screens, Notebook computers, Laptops, HDTVs , Washing Machines and other electronic equipments etc. (Barney and Hesterly, 2008, PC-2 -6) . According to the company the success they achieved is purely depend on their contribution that how they manage their company in an effective way by considering the things like contribution to society and mutual prosperity at the worldwide level among the people. The chairman of the company has told that the group of Samsung always guide their employees to pat emphasise over the efficiency and design of the products. Under the observation of the formal chairman the company able to attain the leading position in the electronic market (Barney and Hesterly, 2008, PC-2 -6). In relation to this the below diagram has shown the organisational structure of the company. Source- Samsung 2008 (www.samsung.com) Financial Analysis of the Company (Samsung) The Samsung is continued to grow and gain profit in the market at high rate. From the financial statement of the last five years of the company has clearly showed that how the company is on the track of the progress. From year 2005 to 2010 there is increase in the net profit of the company. For the year 2005 the company has gained the profit with 31 % but in the next year it was decreased by 1 % and become 30% then for the coming consecutive years there is decrease as that was recession period but still in recession it made the profit of 28% in both 2007 and 2008. For the further improvement in next year of 2009 there is total gross profit is by 33.5 % and fro the next and present year of 2010 the company has the highest profit of 35.3 % as a gross profit of the company. From the financial statement given in the appendixes it is clear that the company has got the improvement in last five years. Till year 2010 there is total assets of the company are 125,677 billion as Korean KRW. Source http://www.corporateinformation.com/Company-Snapshot.aspx?cusip=C410P0400 Ratio Analysis of the company Samsung The following table show the ratios for the company over last five years. The different ratios find in the table are ROE in which there are ratios of Profitability, assets turnover ratio and leverages are included and there is average ration of ROE is given. For the next there is Debt/ equity ratio for the five years followed by the Net debt/equity ratio and in the last column there is total earnings per share are given. ROE = NPM * TAT * A/E = ROA * A/E Financial Ratios 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ROE 19.6 17.7 14.3 9.3 17.5 22.5 Profitability (Net Income/Sales) 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.11 Asset Turnover (Sales/Asset) 1.12 1.10 1.13 1.22 1.50 1.32 Leverage (Asset/Equity) 1.84 1.74 1.68 1.67 1.53 1.54 Debt /Equity 39.5 30.2 25.9 27.7 12.9 12.9 Net Debt/Equity 15.3 9.8 4.8 6.5 -15.7 -12.6 Earnings per share KRW 149,969 52,880 49,502 37,684 20,731 28,842 The ratios are calculated from the balance sheet and income statements for the last five years of the company. The ratios calculated are shown in the following table for the years 2005-2010. Introduction to Nokia The company Nokia has started in year 1856 at the banks of Nokianvirta River. The company at that time is major force in the industry. After that it undergoes merger with Cable Company to enter into the market of electronic by the name of Nokia Corporation. The new company successfully entered into the market and play a pioneering role in the area of mobile communications. Due to the globalisation the company soon grow at fast pace and there is good position attained by the company. The most strategic decision taken by the company was in 1992 that to concentrate on the telecommunication business only. At present the Nokia Corporation  is engaged in the business of communication and manufacturing of the mobile. This company is at the number one position in the market. The company had over 123000 employees at present working in the company. The company has its roots in 120 countries of the world. The annual sale of the company is 41 Euro billion and has profit about 1.2 euro Billion as on the year of 2009. This company is recognised as the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile phones and even it provides the navigation system too in addition. The market shares of the company was 30% of the global market in the third quarter of year 2010 operating profit of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.2 billion as of 2009. It is the worlds largest manufacturer of  mobile telephones: its global device  market share  was 30% in the third quarter 2010, but this value is less than to year 2009 when it was 34 %. The Nokia is continuing to growing by introducing advance technology according to the global need s of the society and market. Financial analysis of Nokia For the financial analysis of Nokia there is consideration of the annual statements for the last five years of Nokia and also there is consideration of the balance sheet of the Nokia for the last five years from 2005- 2009. The following table is formulated for the explanation purpose to analyse the financial position of the company. Financial years 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Fixed Assets 12 125 15 112 8 305 4 031 3 501 Current assets 23 613 24 470 29 294 18 586 18 951 Total equity 14 749 16 510 17 338 12 060 12 514 Long term liabilities 5 801 2 717 1 286 396 268 Current liabilities 15 188 20 355 18 976 10 161 9 670 Total Assets 35738 39582 37599 22617 22452 Ration Analysis of Nokia The following table shows the ratio analysis of the company on the bases of above table which represents the overall financial statement of the company. Ratio analysis 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 ROE Profitability Net profit margin 6.5 2.92 0.63 7.5 9.79 7.86 53.5 15.64 14.11 35.5 13.35 10.47 27.1 13.57 10.58 Equity ratio 41.9 42.3 46.7 54.0 56.4 Net Debt/Equity Return on Assets -25 0.73 -14 10.08 -62 19.16 -69 19.04 -77 16.22 From above table of ratios it has been seen that there is deterioration in the ROE ratios from 2007 to 2008 and from 2008 to 2009. There is also deterioration in the ROA ratio with the same pace. Comparison of Nokia and Samsung The both companies are reputed companies in the mobile sector. The Nokia is leading than the Samsung Company. At present the nokia is number one company but there is deterioration in the sales of the company and even in the ratios of the company if it continues it will be hard for the company to compete with its rivals. On the other hand the company Samsung is continue to grow. There is continue growth has seen in the company. As from the financial analysis of the company and the ratios calculated it has seen that at present the company has raised itself from the 15th position to the 5th position and this is milestone in the history of telecommunication industry. The company is continuing on this track to progress. The following presentation shows the comparison between these two companies. Nokia 2009 Samsung 2009 Position in Market 1st 5th Operating income ( 1716) 8973 Net profit 0.63 % 15.4% From above table it is clear that Samsung is making profit regularly. On the other hand there is continues deterioration in the Nokia from last four consecutive years. Vendor 1Q10 Unit Shipments 1Q10 Market Share 1Q09 Unit Shipments 1Q09 Market Share Year-over-year Change 1. Nokia 107.8 36.6% 93.2 38.4% 15.7% 2. Samsung 64.3 21.8% 45.9 18.9% 40.1% Source http://www.palminfocenter.com/news/6470/worldwide-mobile-phone-market-grows-22/ Conclusion From the above report it is concluded that the financial analysis is very important for the companies in every field. This is useful in find out the level of company and moreover this is useful in having comparison with the other companies so that for the future welfare possible steps should be taken. The financial analysis make the company knows about the finance they have to spend and where they need to spend this. This even gives the evaluation for the profit and loss for the company.

How do Gold Cadillac and Country Lovers differ in their presentation Es

How do Gold Cadillac and Country Lovers differ in their presentation of Prejudice? Both Mildred Taylor (Gold Cadillac) and Nadine Gordimer (Country Lovers) grew up in cultures where racism was a part of their everyday life. This theme of racism is reflected strongly in their stories. Mildred Taylor’s experience of racism in the Southern States of America is reflected in the themes and setting of her writing. She was born in 1943, Jackson, Mississippi, the strongest racial prejudice sate found in America. In many of her college preparatory classes, Mildred Taylor was the only black student. She often found herself painfully embarrassed by the lacklustre portrait of black people as presented in history class. Similarly, Nadine Gordimer’s life in South Africa allowed her to witness first hand the human effects of segregation and state-sanctioned racism, during the Apartheid. From her early childhood, Nadine Gordimer witnessed how the white minority increasingly weakened the rights of the black majority. She states in ‘The lying days’, which is based closely on her own life, that she had a â€Å"growing disaffection toward the narrow-mindlessness of a small town life†. In the Gold Cadillac, the author focuses on the themes of racial prejudice through family life. By using dialogue, the reader senses the closeness of the family; we know they are secure and loved, â€Å"Wilma and I hugged our father with our joy. My uncles came from the house and my aunts, carrying their babies, came out to.† Mildred Taylor and her father had a special relationship, â€Å"From my father I learned to respect the past, to respect my own heritage and myself†, this is a quote from Mildred Taylor. I therefore think, Mildred Taylor decided... ...er’s to feel and think how she feels and thinks. We see how family is important to Mildred Taylor, because, the father gave up the Gold Cadillac to protect his family. The Gold Cadillac is represented as America, it may seem to be a country of freedom, but it really is a country of racism and prejudice. The author of Gold Cadillac allows the readers to engage with the author. Because the narrator is a young girl, the story becomes more truthful, this helps the reader to create a more vivid image of the Gold Cadillac. Finally, both stories have a strong theme of racial prejudice. They explore deal with and present these tensions in a strikingly different way, both stories allows the reader’s to engage with the author. We learn how both Mildred Taylor and Nadine Gordimer’s historical background help contribute to the stories, bringing the text to life.

Is Report Same as Essay? Essay

There are some basic differences between a report and an essay in an academic setting. The format of a report and essay differ as well as the main purpose of each. While there are similarities and differences between an essay and report, it’s essential to know which format you’re being asked to write. First, we’ll discuss what a report is, and then continue on to see what makes an essay. Keep in mind that a report can be much longer than an essay, and report readers generally only quickly scan it to pick up its general idea. In either way, your ideas should be easily found and compelling enough so the reader continues to read. To begin, a report and essay are similar in the fact that they both need to be in a formal style, have analytical thinking, a neat presentation with careful proofreading, as well as an introduction, body, and conclusion. Furthermore, a few distinct characteristics make a report different from an essay, such as a report gives information instead of an argument. Usually, a reader will more thoroughly read an essay compared to a report. Reports can include graphics and have short paragraphs along with numbered headings and sub-headings. Also, a writer will often need to write an executive summary after they’ve finished writing their full report. Such a summary isn’t necessary with an essay. report A report should be used to clearly and sufficiently inform the reader of the topic you’re writing about. While every lecturer or professor may have different guidelines they prefer, there are general rules to follow when writing a report. Unless otherwise requested, a report should consist of the following essential sections: title page, introduction, body, and conclusion. If you want to go a step further, include a letter of transmittal, table of contents, list of abbreviations and/or a glossary, executive summary, recommendations, bibliography, and appendices. The style and presentation of a report are very important in order to be taken seriously and have people want to read your full report. There are certain tips that you should follow to write a report that leaves a great first impression. You’ll want to ensure you use plenty of white space, and that the different parts of your report are easily recognized. Don’t forget to use sub-headings with plenty of space between different sections. Graphs, illustrations, and maps are encouraged to be used as they can clarify the information you’re trying to give. Number each page of a report with consistent formatting, and always use formal language. On the other hand, there are some things to avoid when writing a report. Leave out any inaccurate and conflicting information. Don’t include any outdated data, or irrelevant statistics. Keep opinions separate from facts, and leave out any unsupported recommendations or conclusions. Also, don’t let somebody read your report if it focuses more on appearance and has a lack of content. Lastly, a report isn’t finished without careful proofreading. The topics for reports usually consist of a problem or case study with a hypothetical situation. The information for reports comes from readings, fieldwork, and practical work. A report’s purpose is not only to investigate information, but to present and analyze it extensively and logically. A report is often used to make proposals, and to recommend actions to solve a problem. When writing a report, know that your audience will usually be those that are knowledgeable in the area you’re writing about and can be a client or manager. A report needs to be objective and can sometimes include bullet points. In order for a report to be successful, it needs to show that the writer has good research skills, and everything presented was relative information. essay When writing an essay, a topic will usually be a proposition or question and is predominantly based on reading. An essay’s purpose is to have a well-argued response to the original question and should also establish a proposition. The writer’s lecturer will usually be the reader of the essay. The essay’s style can be subjective, as long as it fits in an academic setting. Successful essays make the argument interesting, and are also determined on how the writer was able to relate one point to the next in a smooth format, while establishing a proposition. An essay is generally thought of as a well-organized collection of your ideas that is nicely written and presented professionally. An essay should be easy to read and properly thought out. When collecting material for an essay, you’ll have both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are literary texts, while secondary sources consist of any works of criticism. In this case, the more sources you have to refer to the better. Your own ideas about literary texts are very important, as well as always putting the reader first. Make sure the text is compelling and professionally presentable, yet make it easy for the reader to understand. Five steps to writing an impressive essay †¢Step One – research, you want to make yourself an expert on the topic you’ve chosen to, or assigned to write about. The internet, academic databases, and libraries are all great places to browse literature. †¢Step Two – you’ll want to analyze the arguments in the readings you’ve chosen. Not only should you look for arguments in the topic, look for strengths too. †¢Step Three – Brainstorm how you want to write the essay, and then pick a thesis. To do this, pick the best idea and make it into a clear assertion that you can write a whole essay on. Make an outline with one-line sentences to describe each paragraph. †¢Step Four – it’s time to write the essay starting with an introduction that grab’s the readers’ attention. The body of the text should be made of paragraphs that each focuses on a certain idea that agrees with your thesis. The conclusion should have one sentence that can wrap up the whole essay, followed by maybe a question, twist of logic, or a call to action. †¢Step Five – Essays are usually written in MLA style, making sure that every quotation and borrowed idea is cited throughout the text along with a works cited page at the end. Once the rough draft is complete, read through your essay correcting any grammar and make sure the essay has a nice flow. However, if you prefer a professional to take a look, then you should see our essay editing and dissertation editing services for students.

US Should Ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities

US Should Ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities Introduction Disability is a condition that may arise naturally or during a persons lifetime. Different forms of disability exist, that is, physical or mental. A person with disability experience difficulties, often reflected when trying to interact with others or when performing certain tasks. Therefore, to support their well-being, and involve them in the decision making process, rules that respect their rights and freedom is important[1]. They will allow them access equal opportunities like other normal persons in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on US Should Ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The UN has recognized the importance of the disabled person’s rights and freedoms and has come up with the UN convention on the Rights of People with disabilities, CRPD and has urged member states to ratify it. This is a significant step which w ill help a disabled person lead a positive life. The CRPD has provisions which promote, prevent and protect the right of the disabled against violations. Many countries have ratified the CRPD since its inauguration, however, the US being a champion in advocating for the rights of the disabled persons around the world has not yet ratified the convention. It is on this note that the writer outlines compelling reasons why the US needs to ratify CRPD convention. Discussion US Troops and People Working abroad The US is involved in countless wars around the world in present times. The government is sending more and more troops in foreign countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan to protect and restore peace.[2] I salute this noble undertaking by the government. However, in their line of duty, we have seen many being maimed and facing other life changing injuries. I therefore urge the US to ratify the CRPD because the convention will help improve the welfare of the disabled troops returning f rom combats and other US citizens living and working abroad. This will reflect the US values of hope, opportunities and fairness around the world. Promoting Dignity and Inclusion In his own words, John McCain shows that the CRPD is clear in promoting the dignity, inclusion and independence of disabled people while defending their rights regardless of their origin[3]. I recommend the US to approve this convention because I view that every person has the basic rights which should be promoted, protected and stressed by the state. Right to Life Under the natural law, every person has an equal right to life. This right need to be protected and enhanced to allow a person’s participate effectively in the society. The CRPD promotes this fundamental right by supporting the rights of the marginalized, the country’s servicemen and women, and strengthening the dignity of all disabled persons. I therefore believe the US should ratify the CRPD to allow the disabled persons fulfill t heir basic right to live under the natural law.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Complement the Americans Disabilities Act I urge the US to ratify the CRPD because it will complement the Americans Disabilities Act[4]. For a long time, the US has been relying on the Americans with Disabilities Act to champion for the rights and welfare of the disabled in the society. I believe by ratifying the CRPD, the US government will be complementing the Americans with disabilities Act by supporting equal access to opportunities and participation of all people with disabilities. US role in the World The US is vocal in championing for the rights of the disabled around the world. Its advocacy has not only been expressed in words, but, action as well. The US ideals are that the fundamental human rights should be upheld by all nations in the world. As a leader, I believe the US should lead b y example by ratifying this convention. This is because the convention will protect persons with disabilities and provide opportunities equal to others. Similarly, it will be a significant step in ensuring that all disabled persons are protected globally. Stigmatization The disabled persons are facing various challenges such as stigmatization. They are being denied their social, cultural, economic, political and civil rights.[5] I strongly believe that the CRPD will ensure the disabled person’s participation in education, politics and public life, employment and health is guaranteed. This is because the convention has an elaborate legal mechanism of preventing discrimination faced by these persons. A Warning to the World Various countries around the world have not taken bold steps in protecting the rights of the disabled.[6] Thus, they have strove to promote the practice of exclusion against them. I urge the US to ratify this convention because it will send a stern warning to countries where such practices persists[7]. Besides, it will inspire many states to ratify the convention thereby protecting the disabled persons worldwide. Not enforceable by US Courts Most US citizens fear the the US courts will enforce the CRPD or cause a change in the US laws. This is not the case, the Americans with Disabilities Act has already addressed this concern by granting disabled persons all the rights and freedom identified in the convention. Thus, the treaty will not require any changes in the US laws, besides, the convention will not require any cost in ratifying it. I therefore plead with US government to ratify this convention. Better Health Care Most disabled persons across the country face challenges when accessing health health care services. The fact that they have less financial resources make the matter even worse. Therefore, they are compelled to live with their frailty state.[8] The CRPD make it clear to the governments that they should ensure all persons with disability conditions access affordable health care whenever possible. I urge the US government to speed up and ratify this convention. The convention will make it easier for the disabled persons to access affordable health care and eventually improve their health.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on US Should Ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Address Major Concerns The US is experiencing disability concerns in sectors such as education, health care and housing. These concerns have been addressed in the convention. By ratifying the convention, the US will not encounter any concerns involving the disabled persons on aforementioned concerns. I therefore urge the US to counter these concerns by ratifying the CRPD. Appreciate Culture Diversity By being a multicultural country, the people with disabilities in the US comprises of different races, ethnicity , sexual orientation and age.[9] All these groups contribute to the cultural uniqueness of the US. Thus, I urge the US to ratify the CRPD because it will contribute to preserving the uniqueness of the country, besides, it will promote their rights. Conclusion The CRPD is a significant regulation that US should ratify. The convention will provide unlimited rights and freedoms to the disabled persons. Though the US has made significant strides in guaranteeing rights and freedom to disabled persons through Acts such as the American with Disabilities Act, most Americans remain poor, under-educated and under-employed. Lack of accessibility and equality among the disabled persons has been cited as the cause of these concerns. Thus, the US government should move with speed to ratify the CRPD. The convention will allow the disabled persons equal access to opportunities, guaranteed of their rights and get involved in the growth of the US. Similarly, by ratifying the treaty, the US will be fo stering the culture of inclusion, independence and fairness of opportunities among the disabled people. Bibliography Equality and Human Rights Commission. â€Å"Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities.† Creating a Fairer Britain. Web. McCain John. â€Å"Bipartisan Group Of Senator’s Announce Support For Disability Treaty.† Press Releases. Web. The White House. â€Å"Remarks By The President On Signing Of U.N. Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities Proclamation.† The White House. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More UN. â€Å"Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities.† Preamble. Web. Footnotes John Mccain, â€Å"Bipartisan Group Of Senator’s Announce Support For Disability Treaty.† Press Releases. John Mccain, â€Å"Bipartisan Group Of Senator’s Announce Support For Disability Treaty.† Press Releases. John Mccain, â€Å"Bipartisan Group Of Senator’s Announce Support For Disability Treaty.† Press Releases. John Mccain, â€Å"Bipartisan Group Of Senator’s Announce Support For Disability Treaty.† Press Releases. UN, â€Å"Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities.† Preamble. The White House, â€Å"Remarks By The President On Signing Of U.N. Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities Proclamation,† The White House. UN, â€Å"Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities.† Preamble. Equality and Human Rights Commission, â€Å"Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabi lities.† Creating a Fairer Britain. Equality and Human Rights Commission, â€Å"Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities.† Creating a Fairer Britain.

Two and Three Tier Architecture Essays

Two and Three Tier Architecture Essays Two and Three Tier Architecture Paper Two and Three Tier Architecture Paper Two and three tier architecture gives a model application for developers to create a flexible and reusable application. The application is broken up into tiers and this allows the developer to just modify or create a layer instead of having to re-write the whole application again. Two tier architecture is a client-server architecture. In a two tier architecture the client talks directly to a server, with no intervening server(s). It has two hosts – the server and the client. Where the server controls both the application and the data. The client sends a request to perform a task to the server and the server responds by using the data stored on it and performs the task. It is mostly used where there will be small numbers of clients sending requests. Three tier (also known as multi tier) architecture is a client, server and database architecture. It is more efficient than the two tier architecture because the server performs the task but the data is stored on the database. The client sends a request to the server to perform a task. The server then sends the request to the database. The database finds the relevant data and sends it back to the server. The server then processes the data and sends the result to the client. It is a longer process but the tasks are performed a lot more efficiently than a two tier architecture because, using the example in (iii) instead of the server processing all the students grades the server application is serving up a single grade (a single number, rather than many) which is a reduces network traffic in comparison to the two tier architecture. Three tier architecture is most commonly used for building web applications. ii) (iii) An example of a two tier architecture A system that students in a school can use to find out what grade they are receiving in each of their classes. The program is structured so that a database of grades resides on the server, and the application resides on the computers in the school that the students will interact with (client). When the student wants to know their grades, they log on to the school web site and use the program designed to get their grades. The program sends a query to the database, and the database responds with all the students grades. The application uses the data to calculate the students grade, and displays it for them. The two tiers are: 1. Data server: the database serves up data based on SQL queries submitted by the application. 2. Client application: the application on the client’s computer computes the data and presents it to the student. An example of a three tier architecture A website that answers questions for clients eg. Askjeeves. com The web browser is a web browser. The application that changes the client’s question into code is the server application. The server then queries the database for the question the client asked and returns the data to the client. (iv) The three tier architecture would suit Arrows because all the data on customers, the car, the bill, etc. can be stored on a database and a server can be used to access this data. While if a two tier architecture was used then the data would have to be stored on the server and this would lead to the system being slow, as there is so much data to be stored and accessed. References: www. scribd. com www. dotnetfunda. com www. slideshare. net www. posa3. org www. virtu-software. com

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Case Study Example There is number of middle class population is living in India. So, the target audience is average middle class of the population. For that, the product category is divided into two. One is grooming product, it includes body fragrances and spa. The other product is beauty product, and it includes skincare cosmetics and color cosmetics. The other benefit of the product is that it has very affordable prices with high quality and high value products. It will not be wrong to state that, Mary Kay is a globally recognized brand. As, it is a global brand, so, its products are manufactured in different countries of the world. The countries that manufacture the products of Mary Kay are Texas and Dallas in USA, and Hangzhou in China. Moreover, the beauty and grooming products are sold in five continents and in 35 different countries all around the world (Cateora 481). As India’s population is growing, so, the upper class of India is the most consuming class individuals are growing with over 500 million. The people of these classes are very optimistic, and the majority of consumers are young. They are the one who promote the consumerism enhance the luxurious life over the basic items. While focusing on the consumers and their feelings to target an audience, it has been noticed that in Indian culture promotion of beauty products can be successful because they want to live a good, perfect life for that they prefer to groom themselves. So, it can be beneficial for the company’s venture into the developing market of cosmetics (Cateora 481). For the awareness of the brand and its performance, the Mary Kay started marketing operation for the product launch in India in 2007. Then, in 2008 the initial launch of the product was in Delhi. This city is known as most populated city as it is the capital city of India. The other highly populated metropolis is Mumbai, so, the second marketing campaign run in Mumbai. For brand

Personal Training in Chad Evermore ompany Case Study

Personal Training in Chad Evermore ompany - Case Study Example These activities will make sure that there are stronger bones, long drive and more power. Cardiovascular evaluation such as step test and walk test should also be considered. Another important factor to consider in order to produce exemplary good performance is to create and stick to the training program. The latter should include some repetitions and exercises; specific needs that would help grow and maintain quality standards in terms of performance of the body and on the field. In addition, the creation of a periodized training program in weekly basis is important such as the one below: Nutrition is the basic or key to any fitness success. This therefore clearly tells us how important it is to uphold excellent nutrition by taking care of what the client takes into the body as food. There are some basic nutritional strategies and more so, food supplements that have been considered in the recent years to boost immune and general body health. This includes 3 meals a day and 2 smaller snacks in between. Multivitamin and fish oil is advantageous too (Walter & Meir,  2003).